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The Potentials of Bongkar Ratoon and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Sugar Productivity and Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Mahmudi
Sustainability Science and Resources,
Vol. 8 (2025): Sustainable Science and Resources
Abstract
To attain national sugar self-sufficiency by 2030, the Indonesian government has issued Presidential Regulation No. 40/2023 stipulating acceleration of sugar self-sufficiency and supplies of bioethanol as a biofuel. This paper discusses strategies and practical programs to increase productivity as mandated by the Presidential Regulation, using literature reviews and a gap analysis on secondary data obtained from four demo-plots involving plantation companies and farmers. With a land size ranging from 4.4 to 8.4 hectares, each demo-plot applied bongkar ratoon (replacing ratoon with plant cane) and other key components of sugarcane's Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). They include plant variety and maturity recomposition, correct and timely doses of fertilization and water management. The results show that bongkar ratoon and GAP raise productivity from around 5 tons of sugar/hectare to 8.73 - 20.14 tons of sugar/hectare. While the results show promising potentials, expanding the demo-plots into large scale plantations is not straightforward, requiring comprehensive strategies, programs and action plans, some of which are outlined in this paper for both Holding Perkebunan Nusantara's smallholder- and own-plantations.
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- Bantacut T, Sukardi, & Supatma IA. 2012. Kehilangan Gula dalam Sistem Tebang Muat Angkut di Pabrik Gula Sindang Laut dan Tersana Baru, Cirebon. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 13(3):199 – 206.
- Chinnadurai, C. (2017). Potential Health Benefits of Sugarcane. In Sugarcane Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects (Issue August 2017, pp. 1–176). https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-58946-6
- de Oliveira, M. W., Macedo, G. A. R., Martins, J.A., da Silva, V.S.G., dan de Oliveira, A.B. 2017. "Sugarcane. Technology and Research”, 1 (2018): 169-191.Gomathi, R., Rao, P. N. Gomathi, R., Rao, P. N. G., Rakkiyappan, P., Sundara, B. P., & Shiyamala, S. (2013). Physiological Studies on Ratoonability of Sugarcane Varieties under Tropical Indian Condition. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 04(02), 274–281.
- https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.42036
- Hilmi, R. Z., Hurriyati, R., & Lisnawati. (2018). Tebang, Muat dan Angkut di Wilayah PG
- Madukismo, Yogyakarta. 3(2), 91–102.
- Karman, J. (2018). Kajian Rekomendasi Pemupukan Tebu dengan Perangkat Uji Hara Tebu di
- Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal
- , Palembang 18-19 Oktober 2018, 21–27.
- Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele
- University, 33(2004), 1–26.
- Kumalasari, D. A., Ariadi, H., Supriyadi, S. G., & Mardatilla, I. (2022). Analisa Perbandingan
- Nilai Ekonomi Tebu dan Produktivitas Budidaya Tebu Menggunakan Trichogramma Spp Sebagai Musuh Alami Hama di Kecamatan Kandat Kabupaten Kediri. Fruitset Sains: Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi, 10(05), 200–206.
- Kusumawati, A., Hanudin, E., Purwanto, B. H., & Nurudin, M. (2023). Assessing Soil Quality Index Under Different Sugarcane Monoculture Periods and Soil Orders. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 54(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2022.2112213
- Marin, F. R., Inman-Bamber, G., Silva, T. G. F., Vianna, M. S., Nassif, D. S. P., & Carvalho, K. S. (2020). Sugarcane evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements in tropical climates. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 140(3), 1349- 1357.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03161-z.
- Mirzawan, P. D. . (1995). Upaya Pencarian Varietas Unggul dan Perlindungan Tanaman (Laporan Hasil Kongres ISSCT XXII di Columbia).
- Parnidi, P., & Mastur, M. (2021). STARTEGI PRODUKSI BENIH TEBU DALAM MENDUKUNG SWASEMBADA GULA Strategy Of Sugar Cane Seed Production In Supporting Self Sufficiency. Perspektif, 19(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.21082/psp.v19n2.2020.122-135
- Pawirosemadi, M. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Teknologi Budidaya Tebu dan Pengolahan Hasilnya. Universitas Negeri Malang.
- Peltier, T. R. (2021). - Gap Analysis. Information Security Risk Analysis, April, 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439839560-9
- Pratiwi, 1990. Penyelenggaraan Kebun Bibit Untuk Menunjang Produktivitas Tebu dan Gula Hasil Penelitian. P3GI. Pasuruan.
- Solanki, M. K., Wang, Z., Wang, F. Y., Li, C. N., Lan, T. J., Singh, R. K., Singh, P., Yang, L.
- T., & Li, Y. R. (2017). Intercropping in Sugarcane Cultivation Influenced the Soil Properties and Enhanced the Diversity of Vital Diazotrophic Bacteria. Sugar Tech, 19(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-016-0445-y
- Srivastava, A. K. (2012). Sugarcane production: Impact of climate change and its mitigation. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 13(4), 214–227. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d130408
- Sulaiman, A. A., Sulaeman, Y., Mustikasari, N., Nursyamsi, D., & Syakir, A. M. (2019). Increasing sugar production in Indonesia through land suitability analysis and sugar mill restructuring. Land, 8(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8040061
- Surendran, U., Sandeep, O., & Joseph, E. J. (2016). The impacts of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on plant, water, and soil characteristics. Agricultural Water Management, 178, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.016
- Sutrisno, B. (2014). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Tebu Pabrik Gula Mojo Sragen. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, 10(2), 155– 164.
- Thorburn, P. J., Biggs, J. S., Palmer, J., Meier, E. A., Verburg, K., & Skocaj, D. M. (2017). Prioritizing crop management to increase nitrogen use efficiency in Australian sugarcane crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01504
- Young, A. J., & Nock, C. J. (2017). Molecular detection of diverse Leifsonia strains associated with sugarcane. Plant Disease, 101(8), 1422–1431. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17- 0016-RE
- Zeng, X., Zhu, K., Lu, J., Jiang, Y., Yang, L., & Xing, Y. (2020). Long-Term E ff ects of Di ff erent Nitrogen Levels on Growth , Yield , and Quality in Sugarcane.
References
Bantacut T, Sukardi, & Supatma IA. 2012. Kehilangan Gula dalam Sistem Tebang Muat Angkut di Pabrik Gula Sindang Laut dan Tersana Baru, Cirebon. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 13(3):199 – 206.
Chinnadurai, C. (2017). Potential Health Benefits of Sugarcane. In Sugarcane Biotechnology: Challenges and Prospects (Issue August 2017, pp. 1–176). https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-58946-6
de Oliveira, M. W., Macedo, G. A. R., Martins, J.A., da Silva, V.S.G., dan de Oliveira, A.B. 2017. "Sugarcane. Technology and Research”, 1 (2018): 169-191.Gomathi, R., Rao, P. N. Gomathi, R., Rao, P. N. G., Rakkiyappan, P., Sundara, B. P., & Shiyamala, S. (2013). Physiological Studies on Ratoonability of Sugarcane Varieties under Tropical Indian Condition. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 04(02), 274–281.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.42036
Hilmi, R. Z., Hurriyati, R., & Lisnawati. (2018). Tebang, Muat dan Angkut di Wilayah PG
Madukismo, Yogyakarta. 3(2), 91–102.
Karman, J. (2018). Kajian Rekomendasi Pemupukan Tebu dengan Perangkat Uji Hara Tebu di
Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal
, Palembang 18-19 Oktober 2018, 21–27.
Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele
University, 33(2004), 1–26.
Kumalasari, D. A., Ariadi, H., Supriyadi, S. G., & Mardatilla, I. (2022). Analisa Perbandingan
Nilai Ekonomi Tebu dan Produktivitas Budidaya Tebu Menggunakan Trichogramma Spp Sebagai Musuh Alami Hama di Kecamatan Kandat Kabupaten Kediri. Fruitset Sains: Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi, 10(05), 200–206.
Kusumawati, A., Hanudin, E., Purwanto, B. H., & Nurudin, M. (2023). Assessing Soil Quality Index Under Different Sugarcane Monoculture Periods and Soil Orders. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 54(2), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2022.2112213
Marin, F. R., Inman-Bamber, G., Silva, T. G. F., Vianna, M. S., Nassif, D. S. P., & Carvalho, K. S. (2020). Sugarcane evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements in tropical climates. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 140(3), 1349- 1357.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03161-z.
Mirzawan, P. D. . (1995). Upaya Pencarian Varietas Unggul dan Perlindungan Tanaman (Laporan Hasil Kongres ISSCT XXII di Columbia).
Parnidi, P., & Mastur, M. (2021). STARTEGI PRODUKSI BENIH TEBU DALAM MENDUKUNG SWASEMBADA GULA Strategy Of Sugar Cane Seed Production In Supporting Self Sufficiency. Perspektif, 19(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.21082/psp.v19n2.2020.122-135
Pawirosemadi, M. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Teknologi Budidaya Tebu dan Pengolahan Hasilnya. Universitas Negeri Malang.
Peltier, T. R. (2021). - Gap Analysis. Information Security Risk Analysis, April, 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439839560-9
Pratiwi, 1990. Penyelenggaraan Kebun Bibit Untuk Menunjang Produktivitas Tebu dan Gula Hasil Penelitian. P3GI. Pasuruan.
Solanki, M. K., Wang, Z., Wang, F. Y., Li, C. N., Lan, T. J., Singh, R. K., Singh, P., Yang, L.
T., & Li, Y. R. (2017). Intercropping in Sugarcane Cultivation Influenced the Soil Properties and Enhanced the Diversity of Vital Diazotrophic Bacteria. Sugar Tech, 19(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-016-0445-y
Srivastava, A. K. (2012). Sugarcane production: Impact of climate change and its mitigation. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 13(4), 214–227. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d130408
Sulaiman, A. A., Sulaeman, Y., Mustikasari, N., Nursyamsi, D., & Syakir, A. M. (2019). Increasing sugar production in Indonesia through land suitability analysis and sugar mill restructuring. Land, 8(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8040061
Surendran, U., Sandeep, O., & Joseph, E. J. (2016). The impacts of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on plant, water, and soil characteristics. Agricultural Water Management, 178, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.016
Sutrisno, B. (2014). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Petani Tebu Pabrik Gula Mojo Sragen. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, 10(2), 155– 164.
Thorburn, P. J., Biggs, J. S., Palmer, J., Meier, E. A., Verburg, K., & Skocaj, D. M. (2017). Prioritizing crop management to increase nitrogen use efficiency in Australian sugarcane crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(September), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01504
Young, A. J., & Nock, C. J. (2017). Molecular detection of diverse Leifsonia strains associated with sugarcane. Plant Disease, 101(8), 1422–1431. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17- 0016-RE
Zeng, X., Zhu, K., Lu, J., Jiang, Y., Yang, L., & Xing, Y. (2020). Long-Term E ff ects of Di ff erent Nitrogen Levels on Growth , Yield , and Quality in Sugarcane.