Sustainability Science and Resources

The Analyzing yield performance of farmers’ and improved varieties of a selected genotype of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Goro, Bale, Oromia Region

2024-12-16T15:36:37+00:00

The study focused on Analyzing yield performance of farmers’ and improved varieties of a selected genotype of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).The research was conducted in the Bale Zone, Goro Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Testing was conducted on sixteen bread wheat varieties, comprising eight farmers' varieties and eight improved variants. During the 2021/22 season, these genotypes were cultivated at the Goro Community Seed Bank using a Randomized Complete Block Design. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for most traits at the individual level. The majority of traits exhibited a significant (p≤0.05) variety and genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction. The mean grain yield of the varieties, ranging from 6.67 to 4 tons per hectare, showed considerable variation. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most traits. PCV varied from 2.6% (kernel number per spike) to 36.2% (grain yield), while GCV ranged from 2.23% (kernel number per spike) to 29.9% (grain yield). The heritability estimates for plant height (95.7%) and spike length (91.1%) were both above 80%, indicating a high degree of genetic influence. When considering the percentage of mean, the expected genetic improvement ranged from 0.95% for spike length to 49.14% for grain yield. Positive and negative genotypic and phenotypic relationships were also identified among the yield components. Among the varieties, Tikur Goshmber had the highest grain yield at 33.34kunt/hect, while Tate had the lowest at 11.6 kunt/hect. The improved varieties Kekeba and Digalu had the highest and lowest yields at 39.01 kunt/hect and 10.01 kunt/hect, respectively. It has been observed that the genotypes being studied demonstrate have significant variability, heritability, and correlations among the traits examined that consequently for the advancement of bread wheat yield in the respective area.

A Multi-Temporal Satellite Data and Spectral Indices for Assessing Spatial Changes in Urban Farmlands in Lagos, Nigeria

2024-11-23T09:42:31+00:00

To achieve sustainable development for the world’s population food security is one of the environmental existential challenges that must be addressed. This study examined the trend in agricultural land use change, in Lagos Metropolis between 1984 and 2024. Data used included Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of 1984, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image of 2013 and Landsat 9 (OLI) of 2024. The satellite images were processed using ArcGIS 10.5 and IDRISI Selva software. The processed images were classified using a combination of Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), visual interpretation and Maximum Likelihood Classification algorithm. An inventory of the extent of land use/land cover for each year and the rate of change were determined, the pattern of conversion of urban farmlands to other land uses was also examined, using the Land Use Change Modeller of the IDRISI software. Findings from the study indicated that farmlands in the study area declined by 13.03% between 1984 and 2013 and by 21.79% between 2013 and 2024. So also between 1984 and 2013 as much as 89.48% of farmlands were converted to other land uses, while only 10.52% remained unchanged and between 2013 and 2024 as much as 73.51% had been converted to other land uses, while 26.49 % remained unchanged. Furthermore, the NDVI results indicated a deterioration in the environmental condition of the urban farmlands. The study concluded that the present status of urban farming in Lagos Metropolis has far reaching implications for food security that needed to be addressed.

Review on Major Insect Pests of Mango in Nepal: Impact, Identification, and Integrated Management Strategies

2024-10-18T02:58:06+00:00

Mango(magnifera indica), called as king of fruits is widely cultivated in Nepal, where huge scales of production and sales are projected to reach approximately 300 millions in 2023.Althought having strong output,Mango industry faces several challenges from insect and pest which affect the quality and quantity in fruits yield.This articles examines the major pest affecting the mango crop in Nepal, including the mango hopper, mealybug, mango stem borer, mango fruit fly, and mango leaf webber. This paper discuss the nature of damage they causes, their biology and environmentally sustainable management practices.The promotion of integrated pest management practices is a crucial approach to mitigate the adverse affects of chemical pesticides, fostering environmental health and enhancing the economic benefits to Nepalese people. The reviews aim to provides insight into effective pest management solution, ensuring the sustainability of mango production in Nepal.

Effects Of Organic Liquid and Inorganic Fertilizers on Tomato Yield in The Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

2024-12-15T14:16:56+00:00

This study investigates the effects of organic liquid fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on tomato yield in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, addressing the significant yield gap between Ethiopian tomato production. Results indicate that the application of combination of 100% recommended nitrogen and phosphorus with either 60 ha⁻¹ and 45L ha⁻¹ organic liquid fertilizer significantly increased tomato marketable and total yields at all locations, with the highest yield observed at Sankura (50.36 t ha^-1), Hawassa (46.6 t ha^-1) and Koka (36.7 t ha^-1). However, as the inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus application decreased below 100% can decline tomato yields at all sites. From an economic standpoint, applying 100% RNP without OLF yielded the best marginal rate of return (MRR). Additionally, the combination of 100% RNP with 60 L ha⁻¹ of OLF not only demonstrated substantial yield advantages but also proved to be profitable. Based on financial considerations, the sole application of 100% RNP and its integration with 60 L ha⁻¹ OLF best show a higher yield than the rest of the treatments. Therefore, the findings suggest that both approaches are recommended for optimizing tomato production in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, with the choice depending on farmers’ financial capacity and long-term soil health considerations.

A Role of Literacy in Raising Awareness of Waqf for Sustainable Development

2024-11-04T03:08:45+00:00

Indonesia has a very large waqf potential, namely 57,763 hectares of land spread across 440,512 locations. Likewise, the potential for cash waqf reaches IDR 180 trillion per year. Another fact is that the majority of Indonesia's population, namely 87.08 percent or around 245,973,915 people, are Muslim.

However, the large number of Muslims in Indonesia is not directly proportional to the absorption of waqf potential. From 2010 to 2020, only IDR 391 billion in cash waqf funds were collected. It was only in 2021 to 2023 that there was a spike in the absorption of cash waqf to IDR 2.3 trillion in 2023.

This study aims to examine the role of literacy in increasing awareness of waqf for sustainable development. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive analysis method. The data sources used in this study are statements from figures or officials, documents, data on the absorption of cash waqf, and laws and regulations on waqf in Indonesia. The results show that literacy is very important and has a great influence on the absorption of cash waqf potential in Indonesia. The community will be motivated to make waqf when they have sufficient knowledge about waqf. It is hoped that this study can be an input for policy makers to further improve literacy strategies so that the large potential of waqf in Indonesia can be maximally absorbed.